ABSTRACT

Ardita, a Vata-dominant disorder described in Ayurveda, manifests as unilateral facial distortion and functional impairment, aligning closely with modern descriptions of facial palsy, especially Bell’s palsy. The classical Ayurvedic texts categorize Ardita under Nanatmaja Vata Vyadhi, emphasizing Vata’s central role in disease pathology. Nidanas such as excessive yawning, shouting, head trauma, and improper therapeutic procedures like early Nasya after a head bath contribute to the vitiation of Vata and subsequent manifestation of Ardita. The condition evolves either due to Dhatukshaya (tissue depletion) or Margavarana (channel obstruction), leading to localized symptoms in the half-face region. Clinical features include facial deviation, impaired speech, fixed eyes, salivation, and loss of sensory-motor control. Ayurvedic literature offers a rich diagnostic framework, identifying prognostic factors and distinguishing between Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, and mixed types of Ardita. Management emphasizes Snehana, Swedana, Nasya, and Basti, with tailored therapies based on Dosha predominance and chronicity. Modern parallels highlight the correlation between lower motor neuron lesions and Ayurvedic descriptions of Ardita, especially in Bell’s palsy cases, which share etiological factors like viral reactivation and neuropathy. This critical review explores the comprehensive Ayurvedic understanding of Ardita alongside its modern correlates, advocating for integrative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Early intervention, based on Dosha analysis and underlying pathophysiology, is essential to prevent complications such as synkinesis and residual facial dysfunction. Keywords : Ardita, Facial Palsy, Bell’s Palsy, Vata Vyadhi, Vatavyadhi, Ayurveda Diagnosis, Ayurvedic Management, Facial Nerve Paralysis, Synkinesis, Panchakarma Therapy.