ABSTRACT

Shotha is a significant pathological condition recognized in Ayurveda, characterized by swelling or elevation of body parts due to internal or external factors. It mirrors the concept of inflammation in contemporary biomedicine. According to Ayurvedic classics, Shotha arises from the vitiation of Vata, which subsequently disrupts Rakta, Pitta, and Kapha, leading to obstruction in the peripheral channels (Bahya Sira) and manifesting as localized or systemic edema. Shotha is classified into Nija (endogenous) and Agantuja (exogenous) types, each having distinct etiological factors. The diagnostic framework of Nidanapanchaka-comprising Nidana (etiology), Purvarupa (premonitory symptoms), Rupa (clinical features), Samprapti (pathogenesis), and Upadrava (complications)—offers a holistic approach to understand and manage Shotha. Clinical features vary based on the predominance of specific doshas: Vataja, Pittaja, and Kaphaja Shotha present with unique symptom patterns. Prognosis (Sadhyasadhyata) depends on factors like chronicity, doshic involvement, and associated systemic complications. Ayurvedic management emphasizes Nidana Parivarjana (removal of causative factors), administration of suitable dietary and lifestyle regimens, detoxification therapies (Shodhana), and use of medicinal formulations. Modern research correlates Shotha’s pathogenesis with vascular and immune responses, highlighting the enduring relevance of Ayurvedic concepts. Early diagnosis and appropriate interventions based on Nidanapanchaka can significantly prevent the progression of Shotha into complex or incurable stages. This review critically explores the Ayurvedic diagnostic perspective on Shotha, aligning classical knowledge with modern understanding to enhance clinical utility. Keywords : Shotha, Inflammation, Ayurveda, Nidanapanchaka, Vata, Pitta, Kapha, Dosha, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis.