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Abstract
Grahani is an important concept in Ayurveda, intimately Related to the function of Agni or the digestive
fire, which plays a pivotal role of the food in the digestion, metabolism, absorption, and assimilation.
According to classical Ayurvedic texts Grahani is regarded as the organ responsible for retain food until it
is properly digested and its proper functions depends entirely on the strength of Agni. When Agni becomes
weak (Mandagni), it generates improper digestion of food and resulting to form a pathological condition
known as Grahani Roga. Additionally, Disturbance of Jatharagni (digestive fire) are collectively called as
Grahanidosha.Grahani Roga is a common disorder, especially in developing countries, and its frequently
associated due to unhealthy dietary patterns or stressful lifestyles. The disease is primarily originating and
forms a Agnidosha, or creates disturbance in the digestive fire, leads to forms weakened digestive health.
Ayurveda offers a comprehensive approach for treating Grahani Roga, which includes the medicinal herbs
and their formulations, the practice of yoga, and essential lifestyle adjustments. This article explores the
Ayurvedic perspective of Grahani Roga, its development, and effective strategies for its
management through Ayurvedic principles and lifestyle modifications.
Key words: Grahani, Agnidosha, Jatharagani, Grahanidosha.
P
ISSN No. : 2584-2757
Volume : 02
Issue : 04
DOI
: 10.5281/zenodo.16045579
Reg. No. : MAHA-703/16(NAG)
Year of Establishment 2016
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTICS AND RESEARCH
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Nidanpanchaka And Management Of Grahani Vyadhi Through Ayurveda - A
Review
Dr. Tejal Motghare 1 , Dr. Vipul Kanani 2, Dr. Sapna Purohit3
1 Third Year PG Scholar , Rognidan Avum Vikriti Vigyan Department, RTAM, Akola.
2 Professor , HOD of Rognidan Avum Vikriti Vigyan Department, RTAM, Akola.
3 Association professor of Rognidan Avum Vikriti Vigyan Department, RTAM, Akola.
Cite this article as: - Dr. Tejal Motghare (2025) ; Nidanpanchaka And Management Of Grahani Vyadhi Through Ayurveda - A
Review;Inter.J.Dignostics and Research 2 (4) 159-165, DOI : 1 0 . 5 2 8 1 / ze n o d o . 1 6 045579
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A
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Introduction:
Ayurveda is among the oldest and most
comprehensive approach to of natural healing. It is
based on the principle that genuine health and well-
being comes from a harmonious balance of the
mind, body and spirit. This balance is maintained
through proper diet and a disciplined lifestyle.
However, in contemporary times, unhealthy dietary
patterns and also sedentary way of living have
upset this balance, leads to form disturbance of
Agni (digestive fire). Grahani is a significant
gastrointestinal condition that stems from such
disturbances. It is classified as one of the Ashta
Mahagada (eight major diseases) by the renowned
Ayurvedic scholar Vagbhata.
Grahani is a common health disorder that impacts
to affects portion of the worldwide population, with
a greater incidence observed in developing
countries. This is primarily attributed to irregular
dietary habits and also high stress level in daily life.
A condition closely resembles, Grahani in modern
science is Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), which
is defined by recurring abdominal discomfort along
with irregular bowel movements, without any
detectable structural issues in the gastrointestinal
system.[1] In the Indian population, IBS shows a
higher prevalence among males, with a female-to-
male ratio of about 1:3, and it is most often
diagnosed in aged between 20 and 40 years.[2]
Concept of Grahani :
Nidana :
All causes of Agni Dushti may cause Grahani
Doshas and its results in Grahani Roga i.e.
Samanya nidan- Abhojana, Ajeerna, Atibhojana,
Vishamashana, Asathmya bhojana, Guru sheeta,
atiruksha, Sandushta bhojanat, Vireka vamana,
Sneha vibhramat, Vyadhikarshanat, Desha kala,
Ritu vyshamyat, Vegadharana, Ahitashana [3]
Dietary factors :
Guru bhajanaihi, Atisnigha bhojanai, Atiruksha
bhojanaihi, Atiushna bhojanaihi, Atidrava bhijnaihi
etc.
Lifestyle factors: Jalati ati ramanaihi,
Vegavidarnaihi, Ritu viparyaya.
Psychological factors:
Bhayat, Shokat. Toxic factors- Vishat, Ati
madyapan Microbial factors- Krumi doshataha
Environmental Dushta ambu..
Purvarupa:
Alashaya, Bala kshaya, Anna vidaha, Pakascha
chirata, Kayasya gauravam [4]
Rupa:
Malpravrutti along with features like Muhu
baddhan, Pakwaman va amam, Sarujam, Shoonaha
Pada kara, Krushata, Parvaruk, Arochak, Jwar,
Arochak, Trut, Chhardi.[5]
Classification:
Classification of Grahani Roga on the based of
etiology, dominance of Dosha and other specific
types of Grahani Roga into 3 groups.
According to Etiology Grahani can be divided into
two types :
1. Independent i.e. Swatantra/ Grahani Roga -
it develops without Atisar.
2. Dependent i.e. Partantra Grahani Roga - it
develops after Atisar.
According to Acharya on the basis of particular
dosha involvement Charaka, Sushruta and
Vagbhata have described four varieties of Grahani
Roga as -
1. Vataja 2. Pittaja 3. Kaphaja 4. Sannipataja
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Samprapti according to Charaka [6] :
Samprapti according to Charaka
Samprapti Ghataka:
Dosha:
Pitta
Dushya
Rasa
Srotas
Annavaha, and Rasavaha
Srotas
Srotodushti
Prakara:
Sanga, and
Vimargagamana
Agni:
Jatharagnimandya, and
Rasa Dhatvagnimandya
Ama:
Jatharagnimandyajanya,
and Rasa
Dhatvagnimandyajanya
Udbhava
Sthana:
Amashaya
Sanchara
Sthana:
Sarva Sharira (owing to
Rasa Dhatu involvement
in the
progression of the disease)
Vyakta Sthana:
Guda
Rogamarga:
Abhyantara and Bahya
Vyadhi
Svabhava:
Chirakari
Sadhyasadhyata:
Krichrasadhya to
Asadhya based on the
duration of
symptoms and Severity of
the illness
Management of Grahani- Treatment protocol:
The classical text of Ayurveda suggested that Grahani
Dosha may be treated by following concept of
Langhana, Deepana, and Pachana along with
remedies Shodhan, and Shaman Chikitsa.
Shodhan Chikitsa :
When Ama descends downward, and
accumulates in the colon, the main approach
is irechana (purgation therapy) to remove it
effectively.
In cases when doshas in the ama stage start to
transforming into rasa, treatments like
lLanghana (lightening therapy) and Pachana
(digestive therapy) are utilized.
After the stomach (Amashaya) is cleared, a
course of Peya (thin gruel), Panchakola
formulations and Deepaniya (digestive fire-
stimulating) herbs to be administered.
After mild stimulation of Agni (digestive
fire), treatments like Snehana (oleation),
Niruha Basti (decoction enema), and
Anuvasana Basti (oil enema) can be initiated.
Subsequently, the patient should be given
light, easily digestible meals along with
medicated Ghee to nourish the body.
1. Ghritpana
Chitrakadi ghrita,
Trayushanadi ghrita,
Dashmula ghrita.
2. Virechana
Draksha aragvadha Kashaya,
Castor oil or Tilvka ghrita .
3.
Anuvasan
Basti
Dashmula Ghrita
4. Takra Basti
Dhanyak, Shatpushpa,
Musta, Kutaja,
Shunthi, Siddha takra.
Nidan Sevana
Mandagni
Ama Dosha
Sthanasanshrava in Pittadhara kala
Grahani Dusti
Pakva or Apakva Anna Nirhana from Adhomarga
Grahani Roga
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Shaman Chikitsa [7] :
To help digestion and metabolism, Deepana and
Pachana herbs should be united with a light and easily
digestible diet (Laghu and Supachya ahara). Effective
formulations include like Bhasma, Churna, Rasa,
Parpati etc.
Samanya Chikitsa:
Bhasma
Shankhabhasma, Kaprdikabhasma
Churna
Shunthichurna, Nagarmotha
churna
Rasa
Loknathras
Parpati
Rasparpati
louhabhasama,tamrabhasma,bolp
arpati, kuthajaparpati,
Drug of choice
Takra
Main drugs
Kutaja,
Bilva,
Musta,
Ahiphena,
Bhallataka,
Jeeraka,
Parpati
Single drugs
Chavya,
Chitraka, Shunthi,
Pipali, Pipalimula,
Guduchi,
Bhoonimba,
Nagkeshar,
Patha ,
Haritaki.
Vishesh Chikitsa[8] :
Gro
up
Of
Med
ici
Ne
Vataj
Grahani
Pittaja
Grahani
Kafaj
Grahani
Sannipat
aj
Grahani
Arist
ha
Takraish
ta
-
Kutjarishta
Kutjarish
ta
Avle
ha
-
-
-
Bilvaleha
,
kutjavleh
a
Vati
Lashuna
divati
,
Chitraka
divati
-
-
-
Asav
-
Chandana
sa v
Madhwasa
va,
mulkas
awa,
pindasawa,
madhukas
wa,
-
Chu
rna
Piplyadi,
panchmu
ladi,
chawkad
i
Kiratadic
hur na
Talisadi
churna
-
Ghr
ut
Shunthig
hrut,
dashmul
adigh
rut,
Trishuny
adigh rut
Chandadi
ghr ut,
Tiktaghrut
-
-
Parp
ati
-
Louhapar
pat i,
Kutjaparp
ti
Panchamru
tparpati,
Tamraparp
ti
Bhalatak
parp ati,
Suwaran
apar p-ti
Rasa
-
-
Kankasund
aras,
Grahanika
patras,
Kshartram
aras
-
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Significance of Takra(buttermilk) Prayoga in the
Management of Grahani [9] :
In Ayurvedic practice, Takra (buttermilk) plays a
crucial role in managing Grahani because of its
specific properties. It has Deepana (digestive
stimulant) qualities and is Laghu (light) in
characteristics, which supports the proper functioning
of Agni (digestive fire). These qualities make it
beneficial in improving impaired digestion. Although,
Takra possessing Kashaya (astringent) and Ruksha
(dry) properties that could potentially aggravate
Vatadosha, its Madhura (sweet), Amla (sour), and
Sandra (dense) characteristics balance this impact,
making it improvement in treating Vataja Grahani. In
Similar manner despite its sour taste which could
provoke Pitta, the Madhura Vipaka of Takra
contributes to pacifying Pitta, thereby helping in
Pittaja Grahani. In the case of Kaphaja Grahani,
Takra’s Abhishyandi (channel-clogging) nature might
suggest it could worsen Kapha. However, its Kashaya
Rasa, Ushna (hot potency), and Vikasi (spreading)
properties counteract this, supporting the treatment of
Kapha-related digestive disturbances.
Life Style Modification:
Managing, Grahani Roga effectively requires not only
medicinal and therapeutic interventions but also
appropriate changes in daily habits and routines.
Lifestyle plays a critical role in maintaining the
balance of Agni (digestive fire) and preventing further
aggravation of the condition.
Pathya- Apathy:
Ahar
Vihar
Pathya
Shashti shali,
Masoora, Tuvari,
Mudga yusha,
Changeri,
Kamlakanda,
Rambha pushpa ,
Dadima, Jambu.
Nidra, Vishram,
Langhan.
Apathya
Guru Snigdh-
Atiruksha
Annapan
Atisheeta Jala,
Dushta jala,
Rasona, Patra
shaka, Virudhha
bhojan.
Aatapsewan,
Ratrijagarana,
Snana, haya,
Krodha, Chinta,
Shoka, Veg
dharana, Nasya
karma, Anjana,
Sveda, Dhumpan
Regular eating patterns: Consuming meals at fixed
intervals helps to maintain digestive functions, and
enhances Jatharagni. Avoid Skipping meals or eating
at irregular times should be avoided. Mindful eating:
It is important to dine in a serene setting, chew food
properly, and avoid distractions like talking, watching
screens, or hurrying through meals. Balanced diet: It
is advice to consume freshly prepared, warm, light,
and easily digestible foods is recommended.
Unsuitable, heavy, or stale food should be avoided.
Adequate rest and sleep: Proper sleep patterns help
restore Agni, and support digestive health. Daytime
sleeping, and staying up late at night should be
avoided.
Avoid suppression of natural urges (Vega
Vidharana): Timely response to urges like hunger,
thirst, urination, and defecation is essential to prevent
vitiation of Vata and maintain digestive health.
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Stress management: Mental factors such as anxiety,
anger etc. negatively impact Agni. Practices like
meditation, pranayama, and relaxation exercise
techniques can assist to maintain emotional balance.
Regular physical activity: mild exercises like yoga and
walking can help stimulate digestion can alleviate
symptoms like bloating and heaviness.
Yoga therapy:
Yoga plays a supportive yet significant role in the
holistic management of Grahani Roga, primarily it
improves digestive power, and leads to balancing the
doshas and calming the mind. Since Agni Dushti, and
Psychological factors like stress, anxiety and irregular
routines are key contributors to the disease, yoga helps
address both physical and mental imbalances.
Asanas:
Pavanamuktasana (Wind-relieving pose)
Bhujangasana (Cobra pose)
Trikonasana (Triangle pose)
Paschimottanasana (Seated forward bend)
Bhujangasana (Cobra pose)
Vajrasana (Thunderbolt pose, especially
useful after meals)
Pranayama:
Anuloma-Viloma (Alternate nostril
breathing)
Kapalabhati (Cleansing breath done
cautiously under guidance)
Bhramari (Bee breath)
Discussion:
Grahani roga is mainly attributed to Agni dushti. The
Grahani, and Angi possess an Ashrya Ashrita nature
connection. The main site of Agni and location of the
occurrence of the Grahani dosha is an organ Grahani.
This occurs with symptoms like Atisrushta and
Vibadhha mala pravriti, Jwar, Udgara, Arpchaka etc.
and other Nidana which disturbs Agni. Other Nidana
which affects Agni are Abhojan , Atibhojana,
Vishama bhojana, Asatmya bhojana, Vaman vyapada,
Virechana, Snehana, Vegavrodha, Virrudhha or
incompatible of time, place, season. The faulty
lifestyle consumption of junk food stress, inadequate
sleep and avoidance of Sadvritta are major reasons of
Grahani Vyadhi.The traditional text of Ayurveda
suggested that Grahani Dosha may be treated by
following concept of Langhana and using Deepana
and Pachana medicines which help to potentiate Agni
and eliminate ama. Purgation therapy with stimulant
drugs also helps to remove Ama Husk of Ashvagol
help in evacuation of stool. Butter milk (Takra) also
suggested by ancient Acharya for treatment of
Grahani.
Conclusion:
Grahani Roga, a disorder closely associated with
improper digestion and absorption of food, is
becoming more prevalent in modern times. This
increase is mainly linked poor dietary practices, which
are classified under the broader category of Gra hani
Dosha in Ayurveda. The disruption in the digestive
system is primarily linked to the imbalance of Agni-
the digestive fire, which is crucial to Ayurvedic
practices of gastrointestinal health. Therapeutic
approaches focus on reestablish the proper function of
Agni. This is accomplished by through the
administration of Deepana (appetizer) and Pachana
(digestive) herbs and preparations, which assist
reignite and balance the digestive fire, thereby
addressing the root issue of the disorder.
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